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download the last draft of my book with oup 2011 ("why red doesn't sound like a bell") erc advanced project "feel" website past research current research change blindness demos papers j. kevin o'regan laboratoire psychologie de la perception centre national de recherche scientifique institut paris descartes de neurosciences et cognition 45, rue des saints pres 75270 paris cedex 06 , france map jkevin.oregan@gmail.com online calendar short bio and cv (not up to date) publications (not up to date) website last updated 7 feb 2018 in 2013 i retired as director of the laboratoire psychologie de la perception (lpp), which studies human perception both in babies and adults. since then i have been pursuing a 5-year european research council advanced project (" feel" ) on the sensorimotor approach to consciousness and "feel" . with a group of 3-8 postdocs and assistants we have been working to develop the sensorimotor theory on five fronts, corresponding to the five workpackages of the project: philosophical, mathematical, color psychophysics, sensory substitution, and infant development/developmental robotics. we are continuing the robotics/infant work within a fetopen project called goalrobots . download my book on consciousness! my book "why red doesn't sound like a bell" was published by oxford university press in 2011, and the final draft is now available to download in pdf . it suggests a new way of thinking about consciousness (the "sensorimotor" approach) which dispels many confusions, and allows us to explain the "hardest" questions about consciousness: namely why sensations feel like they do (e.g. why red seems red to us, rather than green, or rather than sounding like a bell!), and why sensations have a feel at all. the theory is relevant to understanding what would be necessary for robots to really feel. my past research interests after doing my first degree at sussex university and the first part of my phd at cambridge in mathematical physics, i switched my phd topic to psychology to work on eye movements in reading, and moved to the centre national de recherche scientifique in paris. my most important early work was the discovery of an "optimal viewing position" for the eye to fixate in words. recognition is fastest at that position and drops off to either side, making it useful for the eye to fixate there for efficient reading. from this i developed what i called a "strategy-tactics" theory of eye movement control in reading which explains why the eye goes where it does in reading. the idea is that the eye adopts a general strategy of moving a little to the left of the middle of the next longish word, and makes correction tactics as a function of ongoing processing if necessary. the theory is a compromise between the old "rhythm strategy" theory according to which the eye just plods along at a fairly constant rhythm without taking account of what is being read, and the (in the 1970's and 80's) fashionable theory according to which the eye reacts moment by moment, at every instant changing where it goes as a function of ongoing cognitive processing. what i am most cited for is change blindness , which i discovered with collaborators ron rensink and jim clark . change blindness is a phenomenon where a person looks at a picture of a scene, but doesn't see enormous changes that occur in that scene when the changes are accompanied by a brief interruption like a cinema cut, a blank, or even small distractors like mudsplashes on a car windscreen. you can see more demos below. the phenomenon at first seems similar to the phenomenon of " inattentional blindness ", where you don't see something that is fully in view because you are busy attending to something else. but change blindness is conceptually a different effect, since it depends crucially on the occurrence of a brief transitory event in the visual field that distracts your attention, instead of depending on the fact that you are consciously attending to something else. my current research interests today my main interest is one particular aspect of the problem of consciousness , namely the "what it's like" of sensory experience: why red seems red to us rather than seeming, say, green, or like the sound of a bell, or even like nothing at all. this so-called "phenomenal" aspect of consciousness is considered by philosophers to be the "hard" problem of consciousness, also known as the problem of "qualia". other questions like the question of why we have selves or why we can become aware of things and use them in our rational actions and thought, are considered not so hard. most theories of consciousness that neuroscientists talk about concern the second, "easier" form of consciousness. brain mechanisms like large scale neural integration, feedback, recurrence or synchrony of neural discharges may be able to account for this "easier" type of consciousness. on the other hand, many people think there is a fundamental obstacle in dealing with the "hard" problem of consciousness. there seems to be a kind of "explanatory gap" between the physical mechanisms of the brain and the real, nitty gritty "what it's like" of sensations like red. my work on change blindness and on eye movements has led me to a new way of thinking about the "hard" kind of consciousness. in this, i consider that the feel of a sensory experience is not something which is somehow generated by the brain, but is rather a quality of how we interact with our environment. i have set out what i call the " sensorimotor " theory in various articles, and have just finished a book on the subject which should be appearing in the next year or so. the book is for the general public and will probably have the title: "feeling: why red looks red rather than sounding like a bell". the new theory makes predictions and suggests breakthroughs in understanding consciousness which i have been exploring in the last years. some of this work concerns what is called " sensory substitution ", that is the possibility of using one sense (e.g. hearing) to replace another (e.g. vision), and so, for example, help the blind to see with their ears. i did this with malika auvray during her phd in my lab. some quite mathematical work to test the sensorimotor theory was done for his phd in my lab by david philipona and concerns the nature of color and space . david's work on color is particularly interesting because it predicts, better than ever before, well-known anthropologists' findings about why certain colors like red and yellow are considered more basic than colors like pink and purple. it also explains, better than previously, exactly which hues of red, yellow, blue and green seem "pure" to us. it seems to me that this work is getting very close to answering the age-old question of why red looks red rather than green. david philipona's work on space is also very fundamental and has applications to robotics. other work done in my lab to test the sensorimotor theory was done by phd student aline bompas . she confirmed my theory's prediction that the perceived quality of color should depend on eye movements. finally, most recently with students ed cooke and camila valenzuela moguillansky we have been looking at the "rubber hand illusion" and pain . papers to read and talks to listen to about the sensorimotor approach here is the slideshow of the talk on "how to make a robot that feels" that i gave in zurich at cogsys 2010 in january 2010. it summarizes the essence of my approach to the problem of phenomenal consciousness, and includes material on the sense of self. and here are the videos ( part 1 , part 2 , part 3 ) of my talk on "why red things look red: the sensorimotor approach to phenomenal consciousness" given in september 2009 at the barcelona cognition brain and technology summer school. my " magnum opus " is a rather long paper setting out the sensorimotor approach for vision and visual consciousness in the "peer review" journal behavioral and brain scienc
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